What is malware analysis?

Malware analysis refers to the process of performing a detailed analysis of malicious software, commonly known as malware. It is commonly used by incident responders or security analysts to ascertain the malware’s functionality, course of action, and potential effects.

In this article, we’ll introduce the three main types of malware analysis: static, dynamic, and hybrid. We’ll also walk you through the typical analysis process. Finally, we’ll explain how to choose the right malware analysis tool for you and include a guide to some of the best tools on the market.

Types of malware analysis

Static analysis involves inspecting the malware without having to run the code. This approach typically focuses on examining the malware’s code, file structure, and various static characteristics.

It can require disassembling the executable, examining the binary or source code, and identifying the specific functions, instructions, or patterns the malware employs. Static analysis can help analysts understand the root cause and structure of malware.

Dynamic analysis requires running the malware in a controlled environment, such as a sandbox, to analyze its behavior and interactions within a system.

By doing so, analysts can examine the malware’s network communication, file device alterations, registry changes, behavioral interactions, and any other actions that aid in understanding its negative effects.

Hybrid analysis combines static and dynamic analysis. It provides a static study of the malware’s code and structure along with a dynamic analysis of its behavior while it’s executed.

By utilizing the advantages of static and dynamic methodologies, a hybrid analysis can result in a more thorough understanding of the malware’s capabilities and practical effects.

The malware analysis process

Malware analysis involves a process that can vary depending on the chosen approach and tools. A typical malware analysis process includes these steps:

• Collection: Malware analysis involves collecting malware samples, often from sources like infected systems, honeypots, and malware repositories. Proper handling and containment of the sample are crucial to avoid unintended infections.
• Documentation: This helps when organizing and tracking the malware analysis. During this phase, detailed information about the malware sample — such as its source, filename, and any available contextual information — should be recorded.
• Preliminary analysis: This aids in determining which analysis methods are appropriate. Basic information about the malware (such as its file type, potential behavior, and possible impact) should be gathered during this phase.
• Technical analysis: After an initial analysis, a more comprehensive technical analysis (either a static, dynamic, or hybrid analysis) should be performed.
• Code reversing: This step is more complex than the previous ones, as it requires some expertise. Here, you go deeper into the inner workings of the malware and — if necessary — reverse engineer the malware’s code. The aim of code reversing is to uncover hidden functionality, encryption methods, or anti-analysis strategies the malware employs.
• Reporting: Finally, a comprehensive analysis report documenting the findings, capabilities, and potential effects of the malware should be put together. The report may include technical details, indicators of compromise (IOCs), and recommendations for detection and mitigation.

What to look for in a malware analysis tool

When combating malware threats, having the right set of tools is crucial for effective analysis and mitigation. However, with the many options available, choosing the most suitable tool for your specific needs can be challenging. In this section, we’ll explore the key features to consider when evaluating malware analysis tools.

Compatibility with different operating systems

• Supports various operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile platforms like Android and iOS)
• Analyzes malware across different environments

Ability to analyze different types of malware

• Handles various malware types (e.g., viruses, worms, trojan horses, ransomware, and adware)
• Supports analysis techniques specific to each malware category

Ease of use

• Includes a user-friendly interface and intuitive workflow to improve the efficiency of the analysis process
• Offers easy navigation, clear visualizations, and streamlined features to facilitate the work of both novice and experienced analysts

Customization options

• Allows you to customize analysis settings (e.g., specifying behavior monitoring options, sandbox configurations, or analysis depth) to meet your specific requirements

Integration with other security tools

• Integrates with existing security infrastructure and tools, such as antivirus solutions, network monitoring systems, or security information and event management (SIEM) solutions
• Enables automated information sharing and improves threat detection and response capabilities

Large malware collection

• Includes an extensive and up-to-date malware sample database or repository
• Provides a broad reference for comparison and enables the identification of known malware families or variants

Machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities

• Leverages machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques
• Identifies patterns, anomalies, and new malware behaviors for faster and more accurate analysis results

Reporting and documentation

• Provides comprehensive and customizable reports to document analysis findings (including details about the malware’s behavior, IOCs, and potential impact)
• Generates visually appealing reports to facilitate communication and knowledge sharing.

Scalability and performance

• Handles large-scale analysis tasks efficiently
• Processes multiple malware samples simultaneously, providing timely results without compromising performance

Other considerations

• • Includes extensive developer support, including documentation, forums, tutorials, and access to knowledgeable resources
  • Provides a comprehensive pricing model, offering a free (open-source) version with limited features and/or a subscription or one-time payment

Top malware analysis tools

The field of malware analysis has witnessed the emergence of many powerful tools that aid in understanding and combating malicious software. This section provides an overview of the top malware analysis tools available today.